With climate change increasing the frequency and severity of wildfires, smoke from wildland fires is threatening air quality and health for millions of people. Prescribed burning can reduce the severity of wildfires, but also creates significant smoke exposure. Wildfires and prescribed burning can both create particular risk for low-income communities, older adults, children, outdoor workers, and communities of color. This wildland fires, smoke, and health equity review explores the latest research on smoke exposure from wildfires and from prescribed burning, providing recommendations for additional policy, practice, and research directions.